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- divo - DIVO Video option
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- DIVO Video is a broadcast-quality digital video option for Silicon
- Graphics Onyx2 graphics supercomputers and Origin2000 servers.
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- DIVO Video supports real-time input and output of video at live frame
- rates, in CCIR601 broadcast video formats.
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- The DIVO Video Option requires that the _d_m_e_d_i_a__e_o_e._s_w._l_i_b,
- _d_m_e_d_i_a__e_o_e._s_w._b_a_s_e, and _d_i_v_o._s_w._e_o_e software subsystems be installed for
- proper operation.
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- DIVO Video supports video input and output using the CCIR-601 component
- serial digital format. The digital inputs and outputs each operate in
- 4:2:2:4 and 4:4:4:4 modes, and may include full-bandwidth alpha or key
- information.
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- DIVO Video supports two video timing values: 525 total lines at 59.94Hz,
- and 625 total lines at 50Hz.
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- CCIR601 525
- This timing uses CCIR601 specified sampling and 525 total lines.
- The pixel clock rate is 13.50 MHz and the default active image
- region is 720 by 486 pixels.
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- CCIR601 625
- This timing uses CCIR601 specified sampling and 625 total lines.
- The pixel clock rate is 13.50 MHz and the default active image
- region is 720 by 576 pixels.
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- Digital 4:2:2:4/Digital 4:4:4:4
- Each of these formats use a pair of BNC connectors in serial mode.
- The two connectors are labeled "Link A" and "Link B". In 4:2:2:4
- mode, link A carries 4:2:2 YCrCb data and link B carries 0:0:4 alpha
- data. In 4:4:4:4 mode, link A carries 4:2:2 YCrCb data and link B
- carries 2:2:4 CrCbA data. Normal 4:2:2 CCIR-601 operation is a
- subset of 4:2:2:4 operation. Only the A link is used. The system
- will still process alpha internally, but it can be ignored if you
- don't need it.
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- DIVO Video uses four components with a minimum of ten bits of precision
- at all steps of its internal pipeline. Color space conversions use
- thirteen bits of intermediate precision. There are three native internal
- color representations.
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- RGB
- Each component is represented by a 10-bit value between 0 and 1023.
- Black has the value (0,0,0) and white is (1023,1023,1023). This is
- the color space used by the graphics subsystem. It has the most
- accurate representation of visible colors since all possible
- combinations are legal. This colorspace does not support superblack
- or other illegal color values. When converting to RGB each
- resulting RGB component is clamped to the range [0..1023]. It is
- possible to overflow the the clamping mechanism when dramatically
- illegal colors are input. For example, if the max possible (though
- highly illegal) CCIR values of (1019,1019,1019) are input, the blue
- component will overflow.
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- YUV
- This colorspace is obtained from RGB by the matrix transformation
- shown below. The U, Y and V values range from 0 to 1023. Black has
- the UYV value (512,0,512). White has the value (512,1023,512).
- This color space is used by the Betacam, M-II and YUV formats.
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- | 0.500 -0.419 -0.081| |R| |512| |V|
- | 0.299 0.587 0.114| * |G| + | 0 | = |Y|
- |-0.169 -0.331 0.500| |B| |512| |U|
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- CCIR
- This colorspace is obtained from RGB by the matrix transformation
- shown below. The Cr, Y and Cb values are clamped to the range 4 to
- 1019. Black has the CrYCb value (512,64,512). White has the value
- (512,940,512). This color space is normally used by the component
- digital formats.
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- | 0.500 -0.419 -0.081| |R| |896/1023| |512| |Cr|
- | 0.299 0.587 0.114| * |G| * |876/1023| + | 64| = |Y |
- |-0.169 -0.331 0.500| |B| |896/1023| |512| |Cb|
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- Color conversions may be done on each of the incoming (to memory) and
- outgoing (from memory) video streams. Conversions are only done when
- required. The colorspaces of the memory and video nodes controls
- conversions.
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- DIVO Video has flexible sync and genlock controls. Synchronization
- selection is available for the outputs only; the inputs sync only to the
- sync and clock information embedded in the digital input stream.
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- The video output may be configured to lock to external sync source
- (genlock) or to free run (standalone). The "Sync" control allows you to
- select between one of the genlock modes, or standalone mode. When set to
- genlock, the following sync sources are available:
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- House
- This choice selects the analog composite video signal present on the
- connector labeled "GEN IN". Please be sure to terminate the loop-
- through connector (labeled "GEN OUT").
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- Digital Input Link A/Digital Input Link B
- These choices select the sync information embedded in either the
- LINK A or LINK B digital input stream. If no signal is present, the
- results are unpredictable.
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- Note: when house sync is selected, but the GEN IN input is not connected,
- the output sync will be free running, but will not be precise. For a
- precise free-running timebase, select the standalone sync mode.
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- The alpha channel is never filtered and so is not discussed in this
- section for simplicity. Digital filters are present for interpolating
- 4:2:2 data to 4:4:4 and for decimating 4:4:4 data to 4:2:2. All sources
- and drains on DIVO Video may operate in either 4:2:2 or 4:4:4 mode.
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- Interpolating Filter
- An interpolating filter is inserted into the input video stream when
- input coming from the digital video input is sent to a 4:4:4
- destination (in memory). These filters only affect the chroma
- components.
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- Decimating Filter
- A decimating filter may be inserted into the output video stream
- when 4:4:4 data from memory is directed to the digital video output
- in 4:2:2 format.
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- DIVO Video has four GPI inputs (two each for video input and video
- output) that may be used to trigger frame-accurate memory transfers. It
- likewise has four GPI outputs that may be used to control external video
- equipment.
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- DIVO Video has controls to select field dominance at each of the video
- input and output nodes. These controls determine where the frame
- boundaries are considered to occur during video input and output. When
- _F_i_e_l_d_1 dominance is selected, the frame boundaries will occur where
- defined by the 525-line or 625-line video standards. When Field2
- dominance is used, the opposite boundaries will be used. The field
- dominance controls must be taken into account whenever video is converted
- between fields and frames. The example programs _d_i_v_o__m_e_m_t_o_v_i_d,
- _d_i_v_o__v_i_d_t_o_m_e_m and _d_i_v_o__v_i_d_e_o_i_n use the selected field dominance to
- determine how to interlace and de-interlace video. When _F_i_e_l_d_1 dominance
- is selected, the topmost active line will be in the second field for
- 525-line formats and in the first field for 625-line formats. Triggered
- transfers will always begin with the field type selected by the dominance
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- control. For example, if _F_i_e_l_d_1 dominance is selected at the video
- output and the program divo_memtovid is run in triggered mode, video
- display will begin at the first F2->F1 transition following the arrival
- of the trigger. Selecting _F_i_e_l_d_2 dominance will cause the transfer to
- begin at the first F1->F2 transition following the trigger.
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- DIVO Video does not interface with disk drives; there is no concept of a
- disk node in the VL. However, since DIVO can transfer live video data to
- and from memory, it is simple to create software to couple these
- transfers with a disk reading or writing routine. The _a_v_c_a_p_t_u_r_e and
- _a_v_p_l_a_y_b_a_c_k programs are examples of how to do this. They also provide
- deck control.
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- The table below lists the required minimum transfer rates in megabytes
- per second, as a function of the VL_TIMING and VL_PACKING in use:
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- 525_CCIR601 625_CCIR601
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- RGBA_8 40.0 39.6
- RGB_8 40.0 39.6
- YVYU_422_8 20.0 19.8
- YUV_444_8 40.0 39.6
- YUVA_4444_8 40.0 39.6
- ABGR_8 40.0 39.6
- AUYV_8 40.0 39.6
- A_2_BGR_10 40.0 39.6
- A_2_UYV_10 40.0 39.6
- AYU_AYV_10 40.0 39.6
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- To allow live video transfers, your disk volume must support at least the
- required transfer rate. A typical SCSI drive on an Onyx2/Origin2000
- transfers at roughly 6-7 MB/sec; so clearly multiple drives are required.
- A single SCSI bus provides roughly 40 MB/sec; so live video transfer can
- be performed using a built-in SCSI bus.
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- /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Vcp.divo*
- vcp(1) X resources for DIVO boards
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- /usr/dmedia/bin/DIVO/*
- DIVO-specific programs and demos
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- /usr/dmedia/ucode/DIVO/*
- DIVO microcode and firmware
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- /var/adm/crash/divofw.* and /var/adm/crash/divocore.*
- crash-dump files from DIVO firmware; indicate DIVO software or
- hardware defects. SGI Customer Support may ask for these if you
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- report DIVO problems.
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- /usr/share/src/dmedia/video/DIVO/*
- Example source code for programming DIVO.
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- avplayback(1), avcapture(1), vcp(1), vlinfo(1), vl(3)
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